![]() Additionally, this review provides our viewpoint on future directions and possible strategies to design catalysts for further optimization of the ORR. To promote studies of Fe-based DACs, we summarize the current research status in this review by focusing on (1) the fundamental of the ORR and effects of Fe-based DACs, (2) common synthesis strategies of Fe-based DACs, and (3) ORR performance evaluations of Fe-based DACs. In the external circuit, electrons migrate the H+ H2 electrode v the Sn2+ Sn. ![]() The half- cell compartments are connected by a salt bridge. However, the adjustment of the microenvironment of metal sites, loading density, scaling relation limitation, and excessively strong adsorption energy pose limitations on the practical applications of Fe-based DACs. A voltaic electrochemical cell is constructed in which the anode is a Sn2+Sn half cell and the cathode is a H+ H, half cell. In particular, Fe-based DACs exhibit outstanding ORR activities, holding great promise as substitutes for state-of-the-art Pt-based catalysts. Recently, dual-atom catalysts (DACs) supported on carbon materials have been intensively studied as ORR electrocatalysts due to their potential to precisely tune the adsorption/reactive performance of each metal site. The development of highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts for the ORR has been constrained by the involvement of multiple oxygen-containing intermediates and their scaling relations. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is widely employed at the cathode of next-generation energy devices such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries to accommodate electrons produced by anode reactions.
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